
Nyriagongo Crater, Nord Kivu, DRC, 31.10.14
An year passed by without writing. The perfect occasion to start again is the scientific expedition to the Nyriagongo, organized by the Observatoire Volcanologique de Goma in collaboration with Università di Palermo, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia e Haidelberg University, for which I was luckily recruited as porter and helper. Indeed my recruitment has been possible thanks to Dario, a volcanologist who has been active in DRC for the last 20 years and who had the “chance” to fell on my insisting requests to go up the volcano and be part of the team.
Some few words to summarize this year before starting with the adventure’s tale.
This year passed by very quickly due to its special encounter brought by the wild wind, travels and the load of work.
DR Congo was probably the last place in Africa among AVSI’s missions I was still very curious of experiencing. So much has been told about this country and so many controversies I heard about its tragedies that I felt it would have been a capital experience for me to better understand this continent paradoxes.
Even Che Guevara after having visited different countries in Africa decided to try to support the Congo as he wrote: “Our view is that the Congo problem was a world problem” he thought victory (as defeat) in this country would have had global or at least strong regional repercussions. Unfortunately he left the country after seven months malnourished and demotivated starting is diary with this quote on his journal: “This is the history of a failure”.
This mail is certainly not the proper place to explain why DR Congo still struggle behind while most of its southern and eastern neighbors grow in wealth and stability. The only thing I want to stress here is that too much simplifications were reported on this country – Rwandan genocide heritage, blood minerals, ethnic wars, lack of state, geopolitical interests – I do not want to be a vehicle of these simplifications and my opinion at this point is definitely still under construction.
The predominant feeling is that this country, the size of Western Europe, is suffering from a thousands of wars within wars, based on historical ethnic conflicts exploited by third-class leaders who too easily sold their ideas to the tempting offers of regional policy makers. This complexity needs much listening and reflections and maybe next time I will be better positioned to provide you with stronger opinions on the Eastern Congo never ending problem. Currently I believe that a wrist like the one of the late Melas Zenawi from Ethiopia, Museveni in Uganda or the neighboring Kagame might be the only solutions to this complexity.
I had the chance to spend this full week in the Nyrigongo crater thanks to a fortunate combination of events that led me to stop working with AVSI and to start working with UNICEF. It was no secret that operations management became a bit repetitive to me, despite the fun I had and the precious teaching I could draw from it. I thus apply for a monitoring specialist position that is supposed to evaluate and of course monitor a big cash transfer scheme called ARCC – Alternative Response for Communities in Crisis – which serves some 22,000 HH with different installments methods, mixing cash transfer with humanitarian fairs approach according to the different implementing partners involved. My starting date is Monday the 3rd of November and I could not be more impatient to put my hands on the database to find out interesting patterns and hopefully judge with solid evidence this program. So this week was my holiday in between two jobs.
The last week was devoted to some few preparatory meetings with Dario, my good friend FrancescoD who was also recruited like me to support the volcanologists and the rest of the team who came on October 22nd : Giovanni, Nicole, Sergio, Sarah and another FrancescoP who was the rope and wall equipment specialist together with Giovanni, thus the people I work and had the most fun with while helping providing the rest of the team the material to go up and down the three different terraces of the crater.
We calculated the expedition would have needed Fourty-seven porters, each carrying 15 Kgs all the way up from Kibati village (1984 masl) to the summit (3470 masl) where we have placed our base camp, with a main tent, used as warehouse, kitchen and living-room, as well as our four sleeping tents.
The way up a group of friends from Goma also accompanied us since it was the re-opening day of the volcano for tourists and thus a long caravan was going up the Nyriagongo on the morning of October 25th. As it often happen in the rainy season after 11am the rains hit us strongly and we reached the cold high lands rather wet.
While climbing we were distracted from the lowering temperature by the view over Goma, lake Kivu, the Rwandan hills and the rest of the volcano-mountains around us, which was simply gorgeous. The land below us was an open book for Dario and the scientists we accompanied, me and FrancescoD listened curiously while they where showing us craters and cracks, living marks of previous eruptions from 1977 and 2002.
The first sight of the Nyriagongo’s lava lake, the biggest in the world, could be easily summarized by the scene of Frodo Baggings having the first contact with the burning eye of Sauron in the land of Mordor from The Lord of the Rings.
It was still hid in mist when I set foot on the summit, as if this powerful living thing wanted to reveal himself in a more dramatic way. I honestly could not remove my eyes from the centre of the crater where an incredible noise of raging sea within a tempest was coming from. Few seconds later the mist protecting that scary view eased a bit its veils and I could not believe the gorgeous horror and the incandescent turmoil just 400 m below us. This was the first time during the expedition that I had the feeling of looking into something so exceptionally powerful, beautiful and at the same time horrendous which could have only been a product of dream.
Watching it in company made it a less dramatic experience but more enjoyable and interesting, each of us who never saw such a thing before was in a grateful sense of wonder.
The camp was already set by the first comers and thus me and FrancescoD started helping with unpacking and the kitchen work by warming up a nice cup of tea for everybody. Charlie, an american friend who came as colleague of Dario made the tea special thanks to a nice sip of Johnny Walker.
The evening passed by very quickly while FrancescoP, Giovanni and Dario told us the logistic plan for the following days in shady candlelight in the main tent, we all quickly went in our sleeping bags looking for the warm we left at the feet of the mountain.
We woke up from our small tent in a bright morning overlooking the lake and the two giants next to us Mt. Karisimbi and Mt. Mikeno, former volcanos now inactive.
Breakfast was a discover to some of us, when I offered some Odii, the sim sim and g-nut paste that my dear friend David regularly send me from Northern Uganda courtesy of his mum. A delicious caloric bomb which we spread over bread and biscuits. So we were ready to start work, Nicole, Sergio and Sara started walking westward on the rim to place their sophisticated machine to collect samples of rain, gas, plants and spectrum of lights, Giovanni and FrancescoP expert speleologists where getting ready to equip the wall down from the rim to the first terrace, me and FrancescoD started preparing the material to be brought to the advanced (lower) camp to the second terrace of the crater.
Around 9.30 am I was called for my first trip down the first terrace of the crater, to carry down the rope which would have served to descend down on the second terrace. Excited like a child waking up on Christmas day, I quickly learned from FrancescoP the use of the few new tools that speleology (or the art of descending and eventually ascend) does not have in common with alpinism (or the art of ascending and eventually descend) which I know rather better. The smokes of carbon dioxide mixed with sulfur were definitely not nice to breath and indeed my throat, unused to such an experience started burning at a surprising speed, the pungent smell of such smokes and the way they limited my visibility added mystery and suspense to my descent. A thought went to Otto Lidenbrock, the protagonist of Journey to the centre of the earth by Jules Verne.
When I detached myself from the rope to rejoin Giovanni and FrancescoP I had again that feeling of incredulity vis-a-vis the place where i set foot on. A huge terrace full of rocky landslides, two big cameras left by belgians researchers to monitor the lake, and some 200 m of rope, abandoned recklessly by the above mentioned belgians, which we decided to use as pulley to bring down to the second terrace the different materials required for the lower camp.
FrancescoP started its descent to the second terrace with some good kgs of rope on him when, a single heavy drop of rain fell, between me and Giovanni. The idea of getting soaked made our sight terrified and so after telling FrancescoP to hurry up (poor him, he had some good 20 vertical m to climb up), we started running towards the rope which led to the rim. Despite the speed the rain started pouring down and the wrath of the hailstorm hit us badly. Ice and water were felling like cascade from the walls we were climbing and so the work was declared close for the day. I found my dear iPhone in a little pool of water inside a bag I was carrying. The poor device is now undergoing the rice immersion ritual to get dry under suggestion of FrancescoD and Sergio.
The evening passed by swiftly with pleasant chats and jokes typical of people under a common tent. The following day we would have gone down to set up the lower camp, very early in order to avoid the downpours typical around 11am in the wet season.
Me and FrancescoD woke up excited, and we did prepare all the material to be brought down the first terrace meanwhile Giovanni and FrancescoP equipped the pulley which would have eased the transport of goods at least from the first to the second terrace which was definitely more vertical than from the rim to the first terrace. Everything was ready, the Francescos, me and Dario would have spent the following nights down in the crater. With a couple of up and down from the rim everything was placed on the first terrace and transported down through the pulley to the second one, some 300m lower than the rim.
When I set my feet on the second terrace, that feeling of incredulity for what i was seeing became stronger. Was I on Mars, on the moon or only day dreaming? Fumaroles connected with the lowest entrails of the earth following the circular path of the crater were producing a mystic mist, silent was all over a part from the vigorous screams of the restless lake. I felt humbled by the desertic beauty of the place and a feeling of gratitude filled me.
The advanced camp was equipped on a beach of debris similar to sand. Dario proposed a walk around the terrace but it was only after ten steps that our plan for an hands on class on the volcano were ruined by the rain which came as much punctual as violent and pushed us back in our tents. The tents we used for the lower camp were cheap, single layer tents and water actually came in in plenty. Good enough the storm gave us some five minutes to fix them slightly better with tie-rod and with some extra cover left from Dario during his previous expedition in 2011.
Finally we were allowed by the weather to enjoy our walk. A cyclic stormy wind accompanied us changing its blow from clockwise to counterclockwise every other quarter of an hour. Where we were having our promenade, in 2002 there was full of vegetation and indeed the few remaining woods were witnessing this tale of Dario. As the rain stopped, me and FrancescoD started pouring questions on the different stones we could see and on the few pioneering plants we found. We retained little of the amount of info which came from the two experts however I now know what leucine minerals are as well as the different between afirique and porfirique rocks. Also the interesting concept of dyke, or lava vertical intrusion remained in our thirsty brains.
The wind was cold and strong and cooking outside made us freezing. We went on the edge of the terrace to contemplate the Eye-like Lake for a good half an hour and then we took refuge in our sleeping bags. The night inside the tents was definitely warmer maybe thanks to some hidden fumaroles under our tent. Me and Francesco thought to our beloved ones who could not have any information from us as even the sat phone was not working well down there. We both agreed on how beautiful it would have been to share with them such a wonder.
Another exciting awakening came to be for the second day in the crater as we would have helped FrancescoP in the equipment of the last and most dangerous wall. While Dario was watching us from above, the FrancescoD and I under the clear direction of FrancescoP were fixing knots, cutting rope protection materials to protect our descent from the sharp rocky blades where the rope was resting.
Around nine we were ready to finally get the closest we could go to that powerful living thing. The green-light from FrancescoP came via radio. It was only about 35 m overhanging descent and some 60 m on a big landslide and there we were welcomed on a place few human beings have ever set foot upon.
A feeling of fear and reverence towards the power and beauty of nature quickly grew in me. For a moment I felt like a medieval man who fears a terrible punishment will fell on him if he dares to go and look into the lake from so close.
Volcanic glass was all over creating gorgeous figures with its sharps shapes and a feeling of absolute wonder and incredulity to my own eyes when we reach the shore of the lake and looked down the dance of incandescents masses of melted rocks showing the grace with which their perimeter got incandescent and cooled down according to the convective movements which were ending up with outstanding bubbles with incredible sprinkles like fountains, red as red as you could only dare to imagine. The smoke and above all the hell like heat pushed us back every other minute when we dared to looked down at the eye.
Tiles of volcanic glass and cracks full of sulfurous entertained us throughout the tour of this magic lake, the biggest of it kind all over the world.
As soon as the time to go back to the second terrace got close, we wanted to avoid the 11am rains, I increased the number of visit to the shore of the lake in the attempt to keep in my mind those unbelievably beautiful images, which no picture will ever describe.
FrancescoP went up first to check on the rope protections and the lake roared when me and FrancescoD where still down. That was quite a push to hurry up! The 35 m down was rather easy but the way up. Gosh! I did not believe going up a rope could have been so exhausting and hard. A mixed of improper equipment and use of alpinistic technique rather then speleologique one, made me spend a good 25 minutes to reach the first resting place. Good enough the more experienced FrancescoP re briefed us on the spelologique technique 😉 and the rest of the way up was definitely easier.
The afternoon passed between a class of geology and the contemplation of the lake and the measurement of the fumaroles temperature,rarely above a 100 Celsius which meant a lot of air infiltration and thus the impossibility of sampling significants data from there.
The following morning we discovered Dario inherited some flies in his sleeping bag and thus had a terrible night. Me and francesco left very early around 5.45am in order to meet the descending team, Sergio, Sara and Giovanni to hand them over part of our equipment which they would have needed to come back from the third terrace.
Quickly we reached the summit of the crater climbing up the last 200 m of rope on easy ledges. The team below had some issues with the climb up from the third terrace but the help of Giovanni and FrancescoP solved everything. Giovanni proved us to be a flying giant by reaching the base camp by lunchtime….
On thursday me and FrancescoD went down again to help pulling the pulley to bring back up the material from the second terrace, we developed a cool technique with FrancescoP and D which allowed us to carry back up some 80 kg of goods. Also Dario made it safely up despite a carabiner which was discovered not to be properly hooked at his harness, he is definitely a representant of the good luck from Naples 😉
The last night we were joyful and light-hearted. The samples collected by the scientists were solid, everybody made it safely up and down the crater and we had plenty of food thanks to the rigid regime promoted during the firsts days of the expedition. Jokes and tales were accompanied by delicious soups, melted chocolate married with dry fruits and a well deserved bottle of Ron Pampero anniversary whose content disappeared in a matter of instants.
I could not avoid asking Denis, the most trustworthy porter that accompanied Dario in his last 20 years of samples collection on the volcano the meaning of Nyriagongo and Nyamulagira, the second much more active volcano few kms east to the one we were currently. Since the question was posed in front of everybody in the common tent he decided to give us two different answers, the first one suited the audience while the second one should have been told to me in private.
Nyria is a possessive prefixes in the language of Kinyarwanda and Kinyabwisha, and Gongo means strenght, excellence, since the Nyriagongo is feminine it is clear that it referes to a mother that bears strength and excellence. Therefore we could refer to the Nyriagongo as the excellent mother of all mothers. On the other hand Nyamulagira means the one who look after the herd, it is masculine and is intended in the sense of a father protector of the people who live in the land at its feet. The two volcanos are a married couple linked by the fire of the earth’s entrails.
At night I went with curious heart to Denis to find out the second explanation. Well that was a hot secret that I should not reveal to everybody, so those who are truly interested shall write me.
A strong hug to each of you and a warm invitation to come visit me on the shore of lake Kivu and at the feet of the beauty that i just described.
This land is full of wonders that you will discover if you pass by and pay a visit.
Con affetto
Gabri







